Algebra, a huge area in mathematics, is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most universal form, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols; it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics. The roots of algebra can be traced to the ancient Babylonians, who developed an advanced arithmetical system with which they were able to do calculations in an algorithmic fashion. The Babylonians developed formulas to calculate solutions for problems typically solved today by using linear equations, quadratic equations, and indeterminate linear equations. As such, it includes everything from elementary equation solving to the study of abstractions such as groups, rings, and fields. Over the last 25 years, worldwide research trends in algebra have increasingly emphasized the subject’s connections with, and applications to, other areas of mathematics and science. It’s easy to think of algebra as an abstract notion that has no use in real life. Understanding the history and the practical applications of algebra that are put into use every day might make it a little differently.

This Book ‘Algebra’ demonstrates high quality research results in all areas of algebra, including algebraic geometry or algebraic number theory. It covers the mathematical orientation in various aspects of algebra and discrete structures along with their applications to other fields, e.g. mathematical, physical and biological sciences; engineering, information technology etc. It also publishes original research papers of mathematical orientation on various aspects of computational mathematics and optimization including numerical analysis, approximation theory, number theory, Probability theory and Statistics, computational aspects of geometry and algebra, mechanics, design of efficient numerical/qualitative methods for solving differential equations.